| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
(Also known as Pseudohypertrophic) |
| Onset: |
Early childhood - about 2 to 6
years. |
| Symptoms: |
Generalized weakness and muscle wasting affecting
limb and trunk muscles first. Calves often
enlarged. |
| Progression: |
Disease progresses slowly but will affect all
voluntary muscles. Survival rare beyond late
twenties. |
| Inheritance: |
X-linked recessive (females are carriers). |
| Becker Muscular Dystrophy
(BMD) |
| Onset: |
Adolescence or adulthood. |
| Symptoms: |
Almost identical to Duchenne but often much less
severe. Can be significant heart involvements. |
| Progression: |
Slower and more variable than Duchenne with survival
well into mid to late adulthood. |
| Inheritance: |
X-linked recessive (females are carriers). |
| Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
(EDMD) |
| Onset: |
Childhood to early teens. |
| Symptoms: |
Weakness and wasting of shoulder, upper arm and shin
muscles. Joint deformities are common. |
| Progression: |
Disease usually progresses slowly. Frequent cardiac
complications are common. |
| Inheritance: |
X-linked recessive (females are carriers). |
| Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
(LGMD) |
| Onset: |
Childhood to middle age. |
| Symptoms: |
Weakness and wasting affecting shoulder and pelvic
girdles first. |
| Progression: |
Usually progresses slowly with cardiopulmonary
complications often occurring in later stages of the
disease. |
| Inheritance: |
Autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive. |
|
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSH
or FSHD) (Also known as Landouzy-Dejerine)
|
| Onset: |
Childhood to early adulthood. |
| Symptoms: |
Facial muscle weakness, with weakness and wasting of
the shoulders and upper arms. |
| Progression: |
Progresses slowly with some periods of rapid
deterioration. Disease may span many decades. |
| Inheritance: |
Autosomal dominant. |
| Myotonic Dystrophy
(MMD) (Also known as Steinert's Disease) |
| Onset: |
Childhood to middle age. |
| Symptoms: |
Generalized weakness and muscle wasting affecting
face, feet, hands and neck first. Delayed relaxation of
muscles after contraction. Congenital myotonic form is
more severe. |
| Progression: |
Progression is slow, sometimes spanning 50 to 60
years. |
| Inheritance: |
Autosomal dominant. |
| Oculopharyngeal
Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) |
| Onset: |
Early adulthood to middle age. |
| Symptoms: |
First affects muscles of eyelid and throat. |
| Progression: |
Slow progression with swallowing problems common as
disease progresses. |
| Inheritance: |
Autosomal dominant. |
| Distal Muscular
Dystrophy (DD) |
| Onset: |
40-60 years. |
| Symptoms: |
Weakness and wasting of muscles of the hands,
forearms and lower legs. |
| Progression: |
Slow progression but not life-threatening. |
| Inheritance: |
Autosomal dominant. |
| Congenital
Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) |
| Onset: |
At birth. |
| Symptoms: |
Generalized muscle weakness with possible joint
deformities. |
| Progression: |
Disease progresses very slowly. Fukuyama form is
more severe and involves mental functions. |
| Inheritance: |
Autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant.
|
